By using tools that ensure data integrity
Being able to easily maintain your GIS data is key, as are putting measures in place to ensure that the quality of the data is maintained. This can be achieved by providing bespoke tools for data entry, for example, to ensure that data can only be entered or changed in such a way that data integrity is maintained.
By using built in GIS Database Functionality
The GIS system itself can ensure data integrity by building validation rules into the underlying database such as the fact that only a certain type of line object may connect to a certain type of point object. Sometimes the rules to ensure network validity as required by a particular company may be so complex that they are better encapsulated in a data entry or data update module. As well as allowing for greater flexibility this can also reduce the burden on the database in that you are ensuring that the data is valid before any additions or changes can be made rather than having to run process intensive routines across all data in the GIS database.
